Mitochondrial DNA impact on joint damaged process in a conplastic mouse model after being surgically induced with osteoarthritis.

It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA variations may contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. However, the causative link to support this claim is lacking. Here, we surgically-induced OA in conplastic mice in order to evaluate the functional consequences of mtDNA haplotypes in their joint degeneration. BL/6NZB strain was developed with C57BL/6JOlaHsd nuclear genome and NZB/OlaHsdmtDNA while BL/6C57, which is the original, was developed with C57BL/6JOlaHsd nuclear genome and C57/OlaHsdmtDNA for comparison. The surgical DMM OA model was induced in both strains. Their knees were processed and examined for histopathological changes. Cartilage expression of markers of autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress and senescence were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The joints of BL/6NZB mice that were operated presented more cellularity together with a reduced OARSI histopathology score, subchondral bone, menisci score and synovitis compared to those of BL/6C57 mice. This was accompanied with higher autophagy and a lower apoptosis in the cartilage of BL/6NZB mice that were operated. Therefore, the study demonstrates the functional impact of non-pathological variants of mtDNA on OA process using a surgically-induced OA model. Conplastic (BL/6NZB ) mice develop less severe OA compared to the BL/6C57original strain. These findings demonstrate that mitochondria and mtDNA are critical targets for potential novel therapeutic approaches to treat osteoarthritis.

Prevalence of Nipple Soreness at 48 Hours Postpartum.

Background: Although most women start breastfeeding after delivery, difficulties often arise. One of the main reasons is nipple soreness, which contributes greatly to early cessation of breastfeeding. A soreness evaluation through validated scales, performed by health care professionals during the first few days, can contribute to improve breastfeeding and support for the mothers. Research Aim: Knowing the prevalence of nipple soreness during breastfeeding at 48 hours postpartum at the Infanta Cristina University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) through a cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials and Methods: The study took place between February and March 2019. A survey of 58 postpartum second day mothers was conducted including the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Lactation Assessment Scale (LATCH) score for breastfeeding assessment. A descriptive analysis of secondary variables and subsequent bivariate inferential was performed for 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The prevalence of nipple soreness observed is 97% (95% CI = 92-100%). It was found, significantly (p = 0.001), that the higher the score on LATCH, the lower the score on VAS and therefore the less pain. We found a relationship between women who were in skin-to-skin contact with their babies for 2 hours without interruption after birth and a higher pain score (p = 0.046). No other associations were found between VAS and other variables such as parity, type of birth, artificial milk supplements for the newborn, or using a pacifier. Conclusions: The high percentage of nipple soreness detected highlights that breastfeeding can be unpleasant in the first days after delivery. It is important to include in clinical practice the assessment of nipple soreness and the effectiveness of breastfeeding using validated scales.

Presence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking Capacity in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to identify the presence of the capacity for reflexive-critical thinking or similar, in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America. METHODS: The article gathers the results of one of the objectives of the macro-project developed by the Iberian American Network on Nursing Education Research, titled Strategies to develop reflective and critical thinking in nursing students: Iberian America situation. To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with qualitative approach. An instrument created for this project was used, along with some guiding questions to focus the information. RESULTS: Eight countries participated (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela), which contributed information from 189 curricular plans. The R&CT was found in the majority of the curricula, although with diverse denominations. The principal learning strategies used were problem-based learning, group dynamics, reflective reading, clinical practice, and simulation laboratories. The evaluation methods used are the knowledge test, case analysis, and practical exam. CONCLUSIONS: Significant stress exists in the discourse and curricular organization. Incongruences were found and a clear inclination toward the formation of professionals with broad technical skills under a traditional, memory, banking and knowledge accumulation education.

Presence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking Capacity in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America

Objective. The objective was to identify the presence of the capacity for reflexive-critical thinking or similar, in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America. Methodology. The article gathers the results of one of the objectives of the macro-project developed by the Iberian American Network on Nursing Education Research, titled Strategies to develop reflective and critical thinking in nursing students: Iberian America situation. To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with qualitative approach. An instrument created for this project was used, along with some guiding questions to focus the information. Results. Eight countries participated (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela), which contributed information from 189 curricular plans. The R&CT was found in the majority of the curricula, although with diverse denominations. The principal learning strategies used were problem-based learning, group dynamics, reflective reading, clinical practice, and simulation laboratories. The evaluation methods used are the knowledge test, case analysis, and practical exam. Conclusion. Significant stress exists in the discourse and curricular organization. Incongruences were found and a clear inclination toward the formation of professionals with broad technical skills under a traditional, memory, banking and knowledge accumulation education.

Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de la competencia de pensamiento reflexivo-crítico o afines en los currículos de Enfermería en Iberoamérica. Metodología: El artículo recoge los resultados de uno de los objetivos del macro-proyecto que desarrolla la Red Iberoamericana de Investigación en Educación en Enfermería (RIIEE) titulado Estrategias para desarrollar en el estudiante de enfermería el pensamiento reflexivo y crítico (PRyC): situación Iberoamérica. Para lograrlo se realizó una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo. Se empleó un instrumento creado para este proyecto y algunas preguntas orientadoras para focalizar la información. Resultados. Participaron ocho países (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, España. México, Perú y Venezuela) que aportaron la información de 189 planes curriculares. El PRyC se encontró en la mayoría de los currículos, aunque con diversas denominaciones. Las principales estrategias de aprendizaje empleadas fueron: el aprendizaje basado en problemas, las dinámicas grupales, la lectura reflexiva, la práctica clínica y los laboratorios de simulación. Los métodos de evaluación utilizados son el examen de conocimientos, el análisis de casos y el examen práctico. Conclusión. Existe una tensión significativa en el discurso y la organización curricular. Se encuentran incongruencias y una clara inclinación hacia la formación de profesionales con amplias capacidades técnicas bajo una educación tradicional, memorística, bancaria y de acúmulo de conocimientos.

Objetivo. O objetivo foi identificar a presença da competência de pensamento reflexivo e crítico ou relacionado, nos currículos de enfermagem na América Latina. Métodos. O artigo reúne os resultados de um dos objetivos do macroprojeto desenvolvido pela Rede Ibero-americana de Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem (RIIEE) intitulado Estratégias para Desenvolver o Pensamento Reflexivo e Crítico em Estudantes de Enfermagem (PRyC): a situação ibero-americana. Para conseguir, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Um instrumento criado para este projeto e algumas perguntas orientadas para enfocar as informações. Resultados. Participaram oito países (Bolívia, Brasil, Colômbia, Equador, Espanha, México, Peru e Venezuela) que contribuíram com informações de 189 planos curriculares. O PRyC foi encontrado na maioria dos currículos, embora com nomes diferentes. As principais estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas foram: aprendizagem baseada em problemas, dinâmica de grupo, leitura reflexiva, prática clínica e laboratórios de simulação. Os métodos de avaliação utilizados são o teste de conhecimentos, a análise de casos e o teste prático. Conclusão. Existe uma tensão significativa no discurso e na organização do currículo. Há incongruências e uma clara inclinação para a formação de profissionais com amplas capacidades técnicas sob uma educação tradicional, de memória, bancária e de acumulação de conhecimento.

Reflective and critical thinking in nursing curriculum.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the teaching of transversal competence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking that is fundamental in the decision-making and solution of nursing problems, in degree programs of public and private institutions in the Andean region. METHOD: multi-center, cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive study, with mixed approach in 5 countries. RESULTS: 76 nursing programs participated in the study. The Reflective and Critical Thinking was found as a subject, subject content and didactic strategies. Of the 562 subjects reviewed, this type of thinking is found in 46% of the humanities area and 42% in the area of research and professional discipline. It is important to train teachers to achieve coherence between the pedagogical model approach, teaching strategies and evaluations. CONCLUSION: nursing programs in the Andean region contemplate the critical thinking as cognitive and personals skills of communication. They also use real situations analysis, supervised practice, simulation labs and specifically learning based in problems to develop the capacity to solve them, decision-making and develop communication skills, including analysis, synthesis and evaluation.

Desarrollo investigativo en educación en enfermería en Brasil, México y Colombia 1995-2012 / Investigative development in nursing education in Brazil, Mexico and Colombia 1995-2012

Este libro reúne informaciones y reflexiones acerca del estado del arte de la educación en enfermería entres países iberoamericanos: Brasil, México y Colombia. Su concepción y ejecución se hizo bajo los auspicios de la RIIEE .-Red Iberoamericana de Investigación en Educación en Enfermería, como apoyo de la ALDEFE- Asociación Iberoamericana de Escuelas y Facultades de Enfermería. Representa uno más de los productos de investigación multicentrica y sistematizados/ informaciones de la producción investigativa en educación en enfermería en el período de 1995-2012.(AU)

Producción investigativa en educación en enfermería en Colombia / Produção investigativa em educação na enfermagem na Colômbia / Research output in nursing education in Colombia

Objetivo. Construir el estado del arte de las investigaciones realizadas en educación en enfermería en Colombia. Metodología. Investigación documental en la que se realizó revisión cuidadosa y sistemática de la producción científica (estudios, artículos e informes de investigación) realizada durante el periodo 1995 a 2005. La información se obtuvo con la ayuda de instrumentos que permitieron caracterizar las instituciones de educación superior en enfermería y sus investigadores, las fuentes documentales relacionadas con el tema, con el fin de contextualizar en relación a los avances en la educación superior en enfermería y por último, la consulta a bases de datos de bibliotecas de instituciones con postgrados en educación. Los productos investigativos obtenidos se analizaron en forma individual y grupal previa clasificación por categorías de análisis. Resultados. El examen de la conceptualización, el contexto de la producción investigativa y el estudio de los productos permitió identificar mayor producción investigativa en universidades públicas de la región Andina Centro, área donde hay instituciones con más de 50 años de trayectoria, programas de pregrado y postgrado incluyendo doctorados, profesores que tienen como una de sus funciones la investigación y, además se incentiva la formación permanente. El mayor número de proyectos están en la categoría de pedagogía, evaluación y estudiantes. Se evidencia una gran dispersión de temáticas investigativas y prevalece en los proyectos, el nivel de identificar, describir y determinar. Conclusión. La producción investigativa en educación en enfermería en Colombia se encuentra en niveles descriptivos; existe gran dispersión de las temáticas de investigación, siendo el mayor desarrollo investigativo el proceso educativo.

Objective. To build the state of the art in nursing education research in Colombia. Methodology. Documentary research in 310 / Invest Educ Enferm 2010; 28(3) which scientific output (surveys, articles, research reports) conducted between 1995 and 2005 was carefully and systematically reviewed. Information was obtained using instruments which allowed the characterization of nursing higher education institutions and its researchers, documentary sources related to the subject to contextualize in relation to the advances in nursing higher education, and finally libraries’ data bases from institutions with graduate degrees in education were consulted. Research outputs were analyzed individually and in groups after classifying them by analysis categories. Results. Examination of the conceptualization, context of the research output and the study of the products allowed the identification of a higher research output in public universities of the central andean region where there are institutions with more than 50 years of experience, undergraduate and graduate programs including doctorates, teachers who have as one of their tasks researching, and also continuous learning is encouraged. The largest number of projects is in the pedagogy category, assessment and students. A high research thematic dispersion is shown and the level of identification, describing and determining prevail in the projects. Conclusion. Research output in nursing education in Colombia is at a descriptive level, there is a great dispersion of research topics being the educational process the most developed one.

Objetivo. Construir o estado da arte das investigações realizadas em educação na enfermagem na Colômbia. Metodologia. Investigação documentário na que se realizou revisão cuidadosa e sistemática da produção científica (estudos, artigos e relatórios de investigação) realizada durante o período 1995 a 2005. A informação se obteve com a ajuda de instrumentos que permitiram caracterizar as instituições de educação superior em enfermagem e seus pesquisadores, as fontes documentárias relacionadas com o tema, com o fim de contextualizar em relação aos avanços na educação superior em enfermagem e por último, a consulta a bases de dados de bibliotecas de instituições com pós-graduações em educação. Os produtos investigativos obtidos se analisaram em forma individual e grupal prévia classificação por categorias de análises. Resultados. O exame de conceptualização, o contexto da produção investigativa e o estudo dos produtos permitiram identificar maior produção investigativa em universidades públicas da região Andina Centro, área onde há instituições com mais de 50 anos de trajetória, programas de pré-grado e pós-graduação incluindo doutorados, professores que têm como uma de suas funções a investigação e, ademais se incentiva a formação permanente. O maior número de projetos estão na categoria de pedagogia, avaliação e estudantes. Se evidencia uma grande dispersão de temáticas investigativas e prevalece nos projetos, o nível de identificar, descrever e determinar. Conclusão. A produção investigativa em educação em enfermagem na Colômbia se encontra em níveis descritivos; existe grande dispersão das temáticas de investigação, sendo o maior desenvolvimento investigativo o processo educativo.

Empleo de placas filtrantes cubanas en el proceso de producción de melagenina loción / Use of Cuban filtrating platessin in the production process of melagenine lotion

La melagenina loción es un medicamento extraído de la placenta humana e identificado como una lipoproteína de bajo peso molecular, que ha demostrado su eficacia en la cura del vitiligo. Durante el proceso productivo de obtención de dicho extracto se emplea un sistema de placas de celulosa en la estación de filtración del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria, Planta. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el empleo y evaluación de placas de producción nacional modelo Filtec 00 producidas en la Unión Investigación Producción Cuba 9 para la obtención del producto, para ello se evaluó el filtro teniendo en cuenta algunos criterios de operación además de los parámetros de control de la calidad del medicamento

Empleo de placas filtrantes cubanas en el proceso de producción de melagenina loción / Use of Cuban filtrating platessin in the production process of melagenine lotion

La melagenina loción es un medicamento extraído de la placenta humana e identificado como una lipoproteína de bajo peso molecular, que ha demostrado su eficacia en la cura del vitiligo. Durante el proceso productivo de obtención de dicho extracto se emplea un sistema de placas de celulosa en la estación de filtración del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria, Planta. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el empleo y evaluación de placas de producción nacional modelo Filtec 00 producidas en la Unión Investigación Producción Cuba 9 para la obtención del producto, para ello se evaluó el filtro teniendo en cuenta algunos criterios de operación además de los parámetros de control de la calidad del medicamento (AU)